1	Pollution of Agricultural Land ALUP Training Seminar No. 4 for MAFRD Employees Pristina, 28 February 2007
2	Kosovo River Basins
3	Major Sources of Pollution I Industrial metal ore mining and processing (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe), other heavy metals associated to ores (Cd, As, Cu, Co, Sb, Bi) Lignite mining and eletricity generation (SO₂, PAH, caustic ashes, heavy metals) Industrial production facilities for leather, textiles, batteries (Cr, Pb, Cd, acids, organic dyes)
4	Major Sources of Pollution II Municipal sewage discharge (heavy metals, organic pollutants, microbiology / hygiene) Inexistent waste management (hazardous wastes not disposed of separately) Agriculture (inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides) War-related contamination (typically limited to hot spots)
5	Situation of Major Polluters in Kosovo
6	Kosovar Legal Framework Law on Agricultural Land Art. 20 „Protection of Land from Pollution“ Law on Environmental Protection Art. 5 „Polluter Pays“, Art. 10 „Discharge and Emission Limit Levels“ Art. 19 „Protection and Rehabilitation Measures“ Art. 30 „Soil Protection“ Law on Water Prohibiting discharge of pollutants in surface water bodies
7	Food Safety Pollution of agricultural land affects food safety. MAFRD and MoH operate a number of separate departments and laboratories that cover basic food safety control activities. No data is available on food safety and pollutant concentrations in food produced in Kosovo (chemical analysis data).
8	Major Problems & Deficiencies Pollution of agricultural land, in particular in floodplains and near large industrial facilities and metal ore mines can be assumed to be significant. No knowledge or investigations on pollution of agricultural land and soils. Large-area pollution of agricultural land can not be remedied by technological means. Legislation needs to be harmonized (agricultural legislation, environmental legislation, food safety legislation) in order to provide efficient means to adapt agriculture to existing pollution and prevent continued pollution.
9	Pollutant Uptake by Crops & Livestock Uptake depends on Availability and mobility of pollutants in soil, transfer coefficient soil – plant (depending on plant – soil combination and soil chemistry), and specific accumulation coefficient of plant and livestock species.
10	Cultivation Recommendations
11	Species-Dependent Uptake (Wheat)
12	Recommendations Agricultural Legislation Law on Agricultural Land and associated AI’s should: Provide provisions to prevent pollution through agricultural practice (inappropriate use of fertilizers, pesticides, manure). Provide provisions to adapts agriculture to existing pollution that can not be cleaned up.
13	Recommendations Environmental Legislation Environmental legislation should provide: Provisions that allow prevention of continued pollution of soils. Provisions that require polluters to investigate and remediate hot spot contaminations.
14	Administrative Instruction on Prevention of Erosion ALUP Training Seminar No. 4 for MAFRD Employees Pristina, 28 February 2007
15	LoAL Article 23 „Protection from Erosion“
16	Article 23 LoAL continued A requirement for the seeding of grass of a specific kind on steep land A requirement to undertake protective measures to prevent the damages that might be caused by winds. 22.2. Owner or user of land shall bear the expenses for undertaking measures against erosion. 22.3. The undertaking of measures against erosion is of general interest, the Government may appoint public institutions to participate in expenses for implementing these measures.
17	Philosophy of the AI on Erosion Prevent or limit practices and measures that might result in increased erosion Enforce protective measures against erosion when and where erosion is observed to occur Facilitate dialogue between authorities and farmers on the right measures to implement
18	Water Erosion of Agricultural Land
19	Wind Erosion of Agricultural Land
20	Overgrazing Effects
21	Water Erosion Types I Splash Erosion Sheet Erosion
22	Water Erosion Types II Rill Erosion Gully Erosion
23	Factors Influencing Erosion
24	Universal Soil Loss Equation A = R × K × L × S × C × P A = erosion soil loss (tonnes / hectare x year) R = rainfall factor K = soil erodibility factor L = slope length factor S = slope gradient factor (steepness in percentage) C = vegetation cover and management factor P = practices used for erosion control (terraces, contouring, inter sowing, shelterbelt plantings, etc.)
25	Anti Erosion Measures Protection of woodlands and hedges on agricultural land Limitation of use of pastures Prohibition and/or limitation of creating new arable land on steep slopes Prohibition of removing topsoil and humus Requirements for seeding of grass Planting of hedges, inter sowing, and under sowing against wind erosion
26	Contour Ploughing
27	Contour Strips / Stripcropping
28	Cover Plants // Crop Residue
29	Grass Waterways
30	Administrative Instruction on Soil Fertility Control ALUP Training Seminar No. 4 for MAFRD Employees Pristina, 28 February 2007
31	LoAL Art. 22 „Fertility Control of Agricultural Land“ 22.1. For the purpose of protecting, preserving and improving chemical, physical and biological characteristics of cultivable agricultural land and ensuring the appropriate use of mineral fertilizers, shall be made the regularly control on production capability of land of 1-5 class. 22.2. Institution authorized by the ministry conducing the regular control of production capability of land according to paragraph 1 of this article shall be obliged to inform the owner or user of agricultural land on research results of soil fertility and shall recommend the measures for the increment of soil fertility. 22.3. The Ministry shall set the procedures and activities from paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article with a subsidiary act.
32	Organizational Chart – Soil Fertility Control